Engineering - Anaerobic Digestion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Designing - Anaerobic Digestion - Essay Example Driving in the Go Green, battle is biogas. Biogas is characterized as a blend of carbon dioxide and methane gas, which is sourced from the breakdown of natural issue, generally squander, in a procedure alluded to as anaerobic processing. The procedure is a technique by which crude biogas is changed over into cleaner, productive and simpler utilized vitality sources. Arranging a biogas plant Designing a biogas plant is a building issue that must be drawn closer by considering all the operational, monetary, natural and supportability conditions. Before structuring the biogas plant in the Middle East, the specialist needs to first participate in quite a while, which are conceptualized thoughts, however not appropriate for any one given application. In arranging, a portion of the contemplations to investigate incorporate the normally happening assets, agrarian turn of events, social shows, client vitality necessities and conceivable building site. Cautious arranging is important to dispe nse with present and total or multiplier impacts on the plan. As a biogas digester (creation unit) is an exorbitant venture, it can't be basically set up as an impermanent station. Plan The structure of the biogas unit is reliant on the conditions a given society stances to the target. A biogas unit is influenced by various conditions, for example, the natural conditions, structure and financial lead of the individuals of that district. The decision of the structure is controlled by the states of the picked site. Structuring a biogas unit in the Middle East is a summed up thought, to concoct an ideal unit, the designer needs to dissect the conditions and difficulties a given site gives. Similarly as any framework, the biogas creation plat is influenced by the info and any extra aggravations, which are reflected in the yield (which for our situation is biogas). States of being Physical conditions are one of the most powerful factors with regards to planning and setting up a biogas di gester. Since the anaerobic procedure of biogas creation is very touchy to temperature, at that point care ought to be taken in thinking about the atmosphere of a given region. Different conditions separated from the atmosphere of an area that might be put to test incorporate the dirt conditions, the feedstock or substrate for assimilation, and the accessible structure material. The structure contemplations as far as the substrate and size of the digester are controlled by the purchasers just as the accessible structure material. Protection of the digester happens to be the principle thought in setting up the plant. The anaerobic procedure works at temperatures of somewhere in the range of 30 and 60 C. keeping the temperature between these cutoff points is of extraordinary need to guarantee that the microbes associated with the assimilation procedure lives, for high or low temperature prompts their passing. Abilities and work Another necessity in planning is aptitudes and work. The innovation engaged with setting up a biogas plant is refined and requires abilities from both the constructors and originators. The unpredictability of the structure typically directs the sort and level of aptitude engaged with the development procedure. Contingent upon the size, separation and expenses, the biogas digester might be pre-assembled or made in-situ. Normalization Although plants might be intended to fit the necessities of a given customer, there is a requirement for normalizing the structure.

Telemarketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Telemarketing - Essay Example Through the store picture the retailers can drive clients to purchase their items. Store picture is important to convince and make an uncommon picture in the shoppers' brains. Store picture causes the retailer to separate itself from contenders. Clients incorporate every one of their encounters of watching, utilizing, or devouring an item with all that they hear and read about it. Data about stores originates from an assortment of sources, including promoting, exposure, deals work force, and bundling. View of administration after the deal, cost, and dissemination are likewise considered. The aggregate of impressions is a store picture, a brought together picture about both the items and the store that business sectors them. Store picture draws in clients to both the store and the marked product (McDonald, Christopher 2003). Merchandize collection assists with pulling in more extensive objective crowd of potential customers. The purchaser direction incorporates such classifications as accommodation, inclination, shopping, and strength products. Be that as it may, various collections and amounts of items might be wanted and bought in different nations. Merchandize collection makes selling all the more fulfilling. It makes simpler for client to choose an item they require and lessen time required for ordinary buys.

Using Persuasive Essay Topics

Using Persuasive Essay TopicsWriting persuasive essays is not an easy task. There are certain elementary persuasive essay topics that should be met. Though there are many topics that can be used, such as the ability to solve a problem, find the solution to a problem, how to solve a problem, etc., but for the best results, there should be a use of persuasion in these topics. This will give you the best result and help you achieve your goal faster.When it comes to writing about difficult topics, the use of persuasive strategies like argumentation, character references, etc. will help you in explaining your point of view in a better way. The main concept behind these persuasive topics is that if the topic has a clear purpose, it will make the reader understand what you are trying to say better. To use these techniques effectively, the first thing that you need to do is to understand the aim of the essay.Once you have determined the main topic of the essay, it is time to go through the e ssay to analyze its structure. The essay should be structured in a logical way. The writer should be able to keep his point of view in the essay while writing it. The points of view should be well organized, even in short sentences, so that the reader gets a clear idea of what you are trying to convey. The opinion of the reader should be consistent throughout the entire essay.Because it is imperative that the essay topics are organized, they should be given proper names, which are easily identifiable. Different people will have different names, so when writing an essay, one name would mean something. An example would be 'The truth'. Some people might call it the truth because they know the truth, but others might not.In order to make the essay topics easier to understand, you can also use vocabulary words. Using vocabulary words will help you avoid the errors in the use of common English words that might cause difficulty for readers. You can also use simple sentences. For instance, instead of using long sentences, which you would normally write in an essay, try to use shorter sentences which can be used to discuss a point of view.Make sure that the essay is formatted correctly. Before writing, you can always check if the paper is properly formatted. Sometimes, an essay can seem to be rushed and messy, and therefore, it is important to make sure that the paper is properly formatted. You can have error in the margins and if your paper is clean, it can be submitted. By making sure that the paper is formatted correctly, you can avoid unnecessary errors.To make sure that the paper is formatted properly, you can print it and format it. One way to make sure that the paper is formatted properly is to use colored paper or colored pens, and make sure that the paper is put into an ink pad, or make sure that you do not go to make any mistakes because you cannot take back the work once you get it. Before submitting the paper, you should always make sure that you have proof read the paper. Proofreading the essay will help you know where you made mistakes and where you need to work on.The use of persuasive essay topics can lead to a very successful essay. By giving clear and concise information, you can let the reader understand what you are trying to say. So, next time you want to write an essay, always remember that the primary purpose of the essay is to inform the reader so that they can understand your point of view.

Element List - Atomic Number, Element Name and Symbol

Heres a list of the chemical elements ordered by increasing atomic number. The names and element symbols are provided. Each element has a one- or two-letter symbol, which is an abbreviated form of its present or former name. The element number is its atomic number, which is the number of protons in each of its atoms. H - HydrogenHe - HeliumLi - LithiumBe - BerylliumB - BoronC - CarbonN - NitrogenO - OxygenF - FluorineNe - NeonNa - SodiumMg - MagnesiumAl - Aluminum, AluminiumSi - SiliconP - PhosphorusS - SulfurCl - ChlorineAr - ArgonK - PotassiumCa - CalciumSc - ScandiumTi - TitaniumV - VanadiumCr - ChromiumMn - ManganeseFe - IronCo - CobaltNi - NickelCu - CopperZn - ZincGa - GalliumGe - GermaniumAs - ArsenicSe - SeleniumBr - BromineKr - KryptonRb - RubidiumSr - StrontiumY - YttriumZr - ZirconiumNb - NiobiumMo - MolybdenumTc - TechnetiumRu - RutheniumRh - RhodiumPd - PalladiumAg - SilverCd - CadmiumIn - IndiumSn - TinSb - AntimonyTe - TelluriumI - IodineXe - XenonCs - CesiumBa - BariumLa - LanthanumCe - CeriumPr - PraseodymiumNd - NeodymiumPm - PromethiumSm - SamariumEu - EuropiumGd - GadoliniumTb - TerbiumDy - DysprosiumHo - HolmiumEr - ErbiumTm - ThuliumYb - YtterbiumLu - LutetiumHf - HafniumTa - TantalumW - TungstenRe - RheniumOs - OsmiumIr - IridiumPt - PlatinumAu - GoldHg - MercuryTl - Thalli umPb - LeadBi - BismuthPo - PoloniumAt - AstatineRn - RadonFr - FranciumRa - RadiumAc - ActiniumTh - ThoriumPa - ProtactiniumU - UraniumNp - NeptuniumPu - PlutoniumAm - AmericiumCm - CuriumBk - BerkeliumCf - CaliforniumEs - EinsteiniumFm - FermiumMd - MendeleviumNo - NobeliumLr - LawrenciumRf - RutherfordiumDb - DubniumSg - SeaborgiumBh - BohriumHs - HassiumMt - MeitneriumDs - DarmstadtiumRg - RoentgeniumCn - CoperniciumNh - NihoniumFl - FleroviumMc - MoscoviumLv - LivermoriumTs - TennessineOg - Oganesson ThoughtCo / Hilary Allison Notes About Naming Most elements on the periodic table are metals and have the -ium suffix. Halogen names usually end with -ine. Noble gas names usually have the -on ending. Elements having names not following this naming convention tend to be ones known and discovered long ago. Future Element Names Right now, the periodic table is complete in that there are no remaining spots in the 7 periods. However, new elements may be synthesized or discovered. As with other elements, the atomic number will be determined by the number of protons within each atom. The element name and element symbol will need to be reviewed and approved by the IUPAC before inclusion on the periodic table. The element names and symbols may be proposed by the element discoverer, but often undergo revision before final approval. Before a name and symbol are approved, an element may be referred to by its atomic number (e.g., element 120) or by its systematic element name. The systematic element name is a temporary name that is based on the atomic number as a root and the -ium ending as a suffix. For example, element 120 has the temporary name unbinilium.

Big Brother Meet Big Data - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2170 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2018/12/17 Category Politics Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? In George Orwells 1984, the story depicted a nightmarish vision of a world run by a totalitarian state. While it is thought to be a denunciation of Stalinism, it is more broadly, a fictional example of the realities surrounding authoritative power. While there are differing systems of government with varying severities of control, all forms manipulate meaning. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Big Brother Meet Big Data" essay for you Create order From the shift from twentieth century propaganda to censorship in the current twenty-first century, the state has historically decided what is shown and omitted. Due to the acceleration of technology, it has dismantled barriers which has falsely created an illusion of global interconnectedness and security. With the most profound technological change in human history: mobile, social media, and cloud computing. They all share one communality of the accessibility to personal information. This is where big brother meets big databases (Lauk, pg. 51). We are in a digital dystopia where much like Orwells world reality is distorted, individual thought is tainted, and critical democratic decision making does not exist. Impinged information has ruled and corrupted the thoughts of citizens in authoritarian states. The term authoritarian regime simply includes any undemocratic rule. In contradistinction to democratic leadership, authoritarian kind of leadership do not invite political compet itions, fundamental rights among its citizens and separation of power in its institutions (Hall Dealy, pg.106). Thus authoritarianism can precisely be defined as the rule which involves excessive control of the rule of people. State control over people in this form of rule can be termed as excessive. There is limited openness in states operations. Total control or centralization is the ideal form of governance but it is done with some limited control or decentralization. In these forms of governments power lies in the hands of either a civil dictator or a military dictator. These dictators rise to power by either military coup or through inheriting thrones from their family heirs. The following are some of the features of authoritarian governments; they use principals like fundamentalism, racism or nationalism to provide basis of ruling people. Rulers make each and every decision. They thrive on pressure and force to impose political obedience. Their governments control all arms of government like the judiciary and the media and consider the controls a matter of public interest. Only few people have the control to power. The rulers mainly depend on manipulation and moral corruption to impose their mischievous ideas. Bureaucracy is always put in experiment more especially by the police. Rulers gain legitimacy through manipulations, declarations and further by use of peace ideologies which do not exist.Rulers of these countries control people opinions and the only existed opinion should be one that is aimed towards praising these regimes. Social life among people is largely under state control. It is important to note the difference between authoritative systems which allows limited people participation and totalitarian (despotic government) control which takes control of everything (Hassid at al, pg.9). In this kind of totalitarian control the state does not invite any political opinion. Despotic leaders often lead with an iron fist and leave no any opinion to anyone else. On the other hand in a democratic government the power lies in the hands of the people. People in democratic systems are governed by the rule of law and citizens are guaranteed different rights by the constitution. All arms of government work independently and exercise separation and balancing of power. State media can be defined by as media form which is controlled editorially and financially by the state or government. The idea should not be compared with the state sponsored media which might be getting funding from the government but the government does not control what it does editorially. In state media there is no pressure to generate funds because it is entirely funded by the government. Even though, these Medias serve to pass propaganda by the state to the people in most cases. Modern propaganda can be viewed by many as current lies by the government which are spread using the state Medias in the authoritarian states. Censorship is defined as suppression of p ublic communication, speech and information on basis of it is harmful, sensitive, objectionable or politically incorrect as resolved by the government authorities or other powerful consensus. Private institutions and individuals may engage into censorship. This form of censorship is referred as self-censorship. Fake news has gained popularity to become a house hold name in the modern day society (Ulianovskii, Andrei, et al, 40). Fake news can be defined as articles, videos or published information which is not credible but is disguised by entities who produced it as reliable or true. Fake news in democracies can come from public media which is controlled by state with an aim of spreading false information to citizens. Fake news in democratic countries is spread by bogus sources of information. This bogus information sources can spread fake news with many purposes but mainly they aim at character assassination of individuals. It is evidently clear that this generation is living in what can be referred to as an information age. This is because modes of operations have switched from being industrial to being computerized and large data controlled systems. This has seen people change the ways in which they operate and pass information among each other. The digital revolution which took place in mid-20th century spurred what can be referred to as the info age. Information age was characterized by offline communications mainly relying on the traditional media forms like the television and radio to pass information. Growth of technology and need for more accurate modes of passing information saw the information age grow to a more accurate age form known as the intellectual validation period.This is where people do not have to rely on syphoned information by the media houses, but they can share information among themselves and transmit the information far across in alightning speed. In this intellectual age it is easy to spread propaganda at the same time it is eas y for it to be noticed easily and be rendered irrelevant by people. With more than half of the world population being able to access to information within social media platforms, authoritarians regimes have been facing a difficulty during spreading of false propaganda to their citizens. Back during the 20th century authoritarian governments were effectively able to take and win the hearts of their follower (Holdstock Nick, pg. 18). They often held the media hostage thus, they succeeded to spread their agendas effectively with little opposition from the less informed followers. It is during the same period that the communist party in china and Russia thrived and gained control of many parts of Eastern Europe and even the rest of the world. All borders in these nations were effectively sealed and any person who stood out to disagree with these regimes was easily suppressed by the general public. Now with growth of the social media authoritarians have been trying to battle these cha nges by inducing technological changes in order to oppose any enlightenment towards their schemes, but they are easily being discovered. The two big brothers, for instance, China and Russia are example of authoritarian systems faced with the challenge of managing the spread of what they term as exploitative information among their people. They tried to embark on tactics like creating fire walls and instantly deleting any information spread via social media platform, but they failed miserably. The reasons why they failed is obvious. A well versed IT personnel can easily break into the firewall and spread any information to any destination rendering the firewall ineffective. As far as deletion of information is concerned, it is inevitable that the information will have spread far and will have impacted largely before it is identified and deleted by the authoritarian state authorities. This new development has made people in this big brother countries to exercise self-censorship and su ccessfully dismissing state censorship. Due to the difficulty China faced in social media regulation it settled to total ban of the popular social media sites like Facebook, whatSapp and YouTube. They settled to forming similar social media sites like Weibo, renren and youku (Hall Dealy, pg.42). This Chinese social media sites effectively comply with censorship standards by china. Users of these platforms can be able to send friend requests among each other. They can also share their feelings through icons and express any critics, further they can share images, videos and articles but in a well censored manner by the government. Chinese government carries out this censorship by regulating and controlling the number of people who can interact through these platforms at a single instance. Growth of social media in China, Russia and other authoritarian nations sparked people action. For the first time in a period of a century long, protests were held in parts of Russia and China. G roping social media users is an authoritarian censorship tactic that has succeed in China. Russia on the other has been using its state department of information to spread propaganda. Russia state department of information uses what can be called well-orchestrated propaganda from those in power. Russian government has been spreading its propaganda affairs using unanimous accounts. These accounts belong to government officials who always impost as users and feed people with wrong information. The term implicit biasness can be referred to as having attitudes and associating them with stereotypes rather than implying truth about them. Chinese, Russian and some Middle East leaders have been using implicit biasness to spread wrong gospel about the west more especially Britain, The US and Israel (Kellner Douglas, pg.59). Their tactics have worked and in very notable cases, western culture has been attacked viciously by countries which are against the rule of people. Cognitive dissonan ce is the mental unstableness normally experienced by people who have different beliefs, ideas and values. Cognitive dissonance is another powerful tactics used by the Chinese to fight investments from the west. They tell their people that businesses from the western countries have been brought to their countries in order to exploit them. Many American and British corporations have incurred losses in former communist countries due to cognitive dissonance. Echo chambers and filter bubbles are frequently used terms. Echo chambers is more of mocking term in regards to people failure while filter bubbles is used to describe peoples blind spots or lack or idea among people.Middle East and Far East countries have used these tactics to spread bad news about democracy. This has made it easy for them to use religious and cultural factors to fight liberalism and peoples power in their countries. Religion especially the Islam have successfully used these ideas to encourage terrorism among thei r people against the west. Absence of individual thought is a tactic used by dictatorships North Korea being the most successful implementer of the tactic. When using the tactics dictators inflict fear among people and create an impression that they are the only ones who can solve their problems. By doing so the dictators hold anybody who fights them hostage making it easy for them to rule the misinformed people. They also use the tactic to misinform people about other powers who can help them. North Korea in the last decade has fed its citizens with negative information about the US. The totalitarian government has even included a subject which demonizes the west in schoolssyllabus. Thus, because of that, young people in North Korea grow up with a negative mentality against the west and look forward on how they can use war to destroy the west. From the above information it is true that George Orwell statements about how totalitarian and authoritative systems thrive by manipulati ng people thoughts. They are able to take control of people, as well as, doing away with anyone who is against their ideas.State Censorship has been practiced in these countries for generations evolving with growth of technology and media. These countries self-fishily take advantage of technology created by the west to enforce their dictatorship rule to secure power among themselves. The two big brothers for instance, have used growing technology to spread their wings widely and seek attention within their people and even from the international community. They have really succeeded in framing Orwells 1984 question that, how can you speak truth to power, when power speaks truth by definition? Works cited Kellner, Douglas.? Media spectacle and the crisis of democracy: Terrorism, war, and election battles. Routledge, 2015. Holdstock, Nick.? Chinas forgotten people: Xinjiang, terror and the Chinese State. IB Tauris, 2015. Ulianovskii, Andrei, et al. Social Media Impact on the Transformation of Imaginary Political Characters in Russian Youth Culture.? Digital Transformation and Global Society. Springer International Publishing, 2016. 35-44. Hassid, Jonathan, and Wanning Sun. Stability Maintenance and Chinese Media: Beyond Political Communication Journal of Current Chinese Affairs? 44.2 (2015): 3-15. Hall, Dealy. POSC 3631 China and Russia in Comparative Perspective. (2015). Lauk, Epp. How will it all unfold? Media systems and journalism cultures in post-communist countries.? Finding the right place on the map: Central and eastern European media change in a global perspective? (2008): 193-212.

Human Rights, Obligations, And World Hunger - 1783 Words

Many moral theories have been proposed to understanding our obligations and responding to the perceived injustices present in the world such as world hunger and world poverty, two of the most prominent of these theories are utilitarianism, and human rights. In her essay ‘Rights, Obligations, and World Hunger’, Onora O’Neill critically examines these theories and highlights their inadequacy towards understanding our obligations towards alleviating world poverty, then goes on to propose a third alternative theory to the aforementioned theories, which she believes is better suited. The theory she proposes is that of the Kantian ethical theory developed by 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant. This theory is indeed the best suited to understanding our obligations to alleviating world poverty. Before expounding on the Kantian theory that O’Neill proposes, and why it is the optimal approach for understanding our obligations to those suffering from world pover ty, I will very briefly summarise the other two moral theories, and explain why O’Neill is correct in her assessment that they are inadequate to dealing with the problem at hand. Utilitarianism is the moral theory which proposes that the best and correct course of action to take is that which will maximize happiness and minimize suffering. In relation to world poverty, it would seem that the most appropriate action to take from a utilitarianism perspective would be something akin to what utilitarian Peter SingerShow MoreRelatedRight to Food Essay560 Words   |  3 PagesRIGHT TO FOOD Right to Food is a human right i.e. access to the adequate food is fundamental right of human. It protects the right of all human begins to live in self-respect, free from food uncertainty, starvation and malnutrition. 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Market Power of Super Market Industry

Question: Discuss about the Market Power of Super Market Industry. Answer: Introduction: Supermarkets are the large stores where wide varieties of products are sold under one roof. The wide variety of products includes fresh vegetables, fruits, meats, dairy products and other daily household goods. The present day super-markets are featured with self-service system where customers choose and pick their desired products from the shelves and take them to the billing counter to purchase it (James, 2016). Clarence-Saunders introduced the self-service system within the super-market named Piggly-Wiggly in the year 1916. The supermarkets occupy a large area of floor space and reduce the time required by a consumer in shopping. This report has been presented to talk about the supermarkets existing within Australia. In Australia, numerous supermarkets capture almost the entire consumers demand. Out of them, the top-notch supermarkets namely, Coles, Woolworths, Tesco and Aldi captures almost 80% of the total quantity of goods demanded in the market. High-level competition exists between the supermarket industries of Australia. Coles and Woolworths are the two supermarket giants dominating the entire industry in Australia (Morgan, 2014). In the recent years, Aldi, the supermarket from Germany has gained fame in the industry. It has been able to possess threats to the two giants named Woolworths and Coles. The report has been presented under two major parts A and B and few sub-parts under them as required. Part A talks about the power of these two giants within their domain. The extent to which these two markets has been able to influence the industry has been shown discussed under this part. Part B discusses about the fierce competition existing in between the Woolworths and Coles within the territory of Australia and the resultant effect of this competition among the consumers. The report ends with a concluding paragraph where the findings of part A and B has been briefly presented. Too much market power in the hands of Coles and Woolworths The power of any firm, company or industry to influence the market and capture a large share of profit from it is known as market power(Curtin, 2016). In this report, the market power of Coles and Woolworths has been analyzed in details. First a brief discussion on these two supermarkets has been provided followed by the ways in which they capture the lions share of the market. Background of Coles: Coles Supermarket is among the top-level supermarkets existing in Australia. Mr. George Cole is the founder of this organization. The chain of retail brand is more than 100 years old and is operating is about 776 supermarkets in Australia. According to 2016, statistics more than 100,000 employees work under this retail brand. The total asset of this company is A$ 22.1 billion during 2016 (Devin Richards, 2016) . Background of Woolworths: Woolworths is Australias one of the biggest supermarket operating in the economy since 1924. It has been providing employment to more than 111,000 people. This is second in terms of its size of operation after Coles. Woolworths along with Coles has successfully retained around 80% of the total market share. At present, there are around 980 stores of Woolworths operating in Australia (Chung, 2016). Nature of the Australian Supermarkets: This report has already stated the fact that Coles and Woolworths have been taking up the lions share of Australias total supermarket and retail industry. Hence, it is clearly understood that there are only few firms who operates under this particular industrial domain. Other than these two supermarkets, the name, which can be mentioned to dominate the market force, is that of Aldi, a German based company. Few other supermarkets within Australian domain are IGA, BI-LO and Star-Mart. Since, there is existence of few markets, it can be said that the super market industry in Australia are oligopolistic in nature. The top-notch giants have the power to influence the total price of all the goods sold by the retail chains. As Woolworths and Coles have the supreme power, they always compete between themselves to win over the other. While trying to capture the largest share of market, both these retailers get engaged in price-wars. They always uses the technique of price slash to attract con sumers. Their market demand curve and supply curve have been shown below with the help of the diagram. Coles and Woolworths being engaged in an oligopolistic competition have the power to influence the price of the market(Mankiw, 2014). In the figure above, the Pe is the ideal situation where a competitive firm keeps its price. The price charged by the oligopolistic is at Po. That is the oligopolistic market produces the quantity where MR and MC intersects but charges prices which is equal to the AR. The blue line Pe has showed the extent of power, which these firms can use while pricing their goods, to Po. This pricing nature itself indicates that people are unable to deviate since they have very little other choices available with them. Indication of being the Super-powers: There has been clear indication that Woolworths and Coles are the superpower as the former has 32.5% and the later have 37.5% of total market share of Australia (Chung, 2016). Other than market share there are several other factors that determine the market power. They are: the total number of employment generate by the organization, the varied range of products available to meet customers demand and the total number of consumers of the company. Being involved in price-wars these two retail brands dictate the prices in the market. This again indicates the fact that they possess the powers. The revenue generated by the food and liquor section of Coles during 2016 was around A $ 33 billion. On other hand, the overall revenue of Woolworths in 2016 was A $ 59 billion (www.woolworthsgroup.com.au, 2016). This shows a contrary to the first line of this stanza where it has been stated that Coles market share was greater. This once again proves that these two giants are in constant competitio n of surpassing one another in their business while leaving no space for any other industry to establish their foot-fall in this domain. Competition between Coles and Woolworth is good for Australia According to the basic economic theory it can be stated that perfect competition is the best possible market structure from consumers view point. At the same time the market for perfect competition is a utopian situation. In real world, any consumers mostly prefer the oligopolistic market. Under this market structure, the consumer is able to retain its maximum surplus thereby gaining welfare (Mankiw, 2014). The supermarket in Australia being oligopolistic in nature thus helps consumer in retaining their consumer surplus. The ways in which common people can be benefitted by the rivalry of Coles and Woolworths are shown in details under the following sub-headings. Pricing policy: The super giants being busy with their price wars have been continuously cutting the price of their products. They are mainly slashing the price of fresh vegetables and food items. According to an article in dailymail, it has been seen that Coles has taken up the vows of slashing their products price continuously unless they get back customers from its opponent (mail.co.uk, 2016). The Wesfarmers are also aware of the fact that this strategy is going to hamper their long-term goals and henceforth they are trying to work on it. News in dailymail published on 16th January 2017 declares that Woolworths is going to provide barbeque meat namely scotch fillets, rump steaks and beef burgers at a slashed down rate throughout January(mail.co.uk, 2016). The general people are indeed happy to receive goods at such a low cost. On other hand, this price cut has a negative impact on the suppliers. Big brands are unable to place their products in these retail markets whereas small br and and farmers are forced to give out their entire supplies to these retail giants at a very low cost even below their production cost (heraldsun.com.au., 2017). Employment generation: The rivalry of Woolworths and Coles also has some serious impact on the level of employment in Australia. Along with the expansion of these supermarket chains and opening up of new outlets there is need of employers as well (Elks, 2017). These two big giants has been providing employment to a large section of Australias population. According to one of the leading new channel, Coles has planned to increase its employee base by doubling up the number of indigenous workers in their business. According to the demand of the company, within 2018 the indigenous people employed in Coles are going to be 3% of the total work-force. According to another article published in a journal named The Monthly, it has been observed that Woolworths has come up with ties with its producers who will supply them with their products (www.news.com.au, 2016). In doing so, the company has provided security to those producers and farmers. It is a benefit that has come up with the existence and increasing power of super market giants. On contrary the same report also says that the producers are forced to produce pre-specified goods and are not allowed to produce local indigenous commodities that these giants do not sell. In this way these companies are controlling the taste and preference of consumers by providing them with what they want and not with what they could get otherwise. Health and Nutrition: The supermarket giants have a large hold on the market for fresh foods. Often the farmers and small scale retailers complain about the fact that they are forced to produce customized food products failing which they have to destroy their own products thereby causing a huge loss in their business. These two retailers try to provide the Australian customer a wide variety of foods throughout the year. In doing so, they have to keep their products in cold-storage which diminishes the quality, freshness and nutritional value of the products (www.dailymail.co.uk, 2016). These forceful productions of crops reduce the nutritional value. Many a times the farmers need to use special fertilizer and hybrid seeds to grow the demanded vegetables and fruits. This instance not only reduces the nutritional value but also diminishes the fertility of soil which then creates a chain-effect in declining production. The customers who were initially happy to get foods at low price now face the consequences of ill health and poor nutrition. Recent Issues: Consumers can be fooled for a short period of time. In the long run, the consumers rectify their expectations and reacts accordingly. Similar things happened for these two supermarket giants (Chung, 2016). Initially consumers felt very excited and happy to shop from these retailers. Now it has become a compulsion for them due to lack of other opportunities. The customers nowadays are dissatisfied with the quality of products served by Coles and Woolworths. They also doubt the authenticity of the product since it is sold at such cheaper rate. Consumers are also scared of the ill consequences that may happen to their health as a result of poor quality of foods (Keating, 2015). These giants have also compromised the ways in which these foods are packed and transferred. The oligopolistic nature which was suppose to make people better off are now creating problems for the consumers of Australia by making them worse-off. They are remaining unhappy and unsatisfied. They are a lso ready to pay a higher price for better quality products. This reaction of the consumers clearly indicates the drawbacks of these supermarket giants. Conclusion: The report can be wrapped up by stating the findings and analysis of the consumer demand of the entire nation of Australia. The existence of the strong oligopolistic market in Australias retail supermarket industry has been clearly observed at every point of the report. The joint impact of Coles and Woolworths in Australia has been felt in many domains. According to Wesfarmers, their method of price slash has been adversely impacting their short-term goals and this cannot make them sustain in the industry for long. Hence, they are trying to find out ways through which they can improve the scenario while keeping the price low for their customers. On other hand while trying to minimize the cost, these companies have been continuously degrading the service provided by them and creating pressure on the farmers. This has resulted in agitation amongst them. At the same time the big brands are also retrieving their products from these retail companies causing a matter of growing concern for them. Through this report it has been found that the supremacy in retail industry in in the hands of Coles and Woolworths. Other than small farmers and small scale retailers, overall the consumers have been benefitted from the constant competition that existed between these two companies. In order to maintain the sustainability in business the company must start prioritizing the needs and requirement of the farmers and small scale producers and also maintain the quality of the products supplied by them. References: Chung, F., 2016. Moodys rings Aldi alarm bell for Coles. Chung, F., 2016. Woolworths unveils $1.235 billion loss. [Online] Available at: https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/retail/woolworths-unveils-1235-billion-loss/news-story/ [Accessed 18 January 2017]. Curtin, D., 2016. Abuse of Market Power: The End of'Make-Believe'Analysis?. Devin, B. Richards, C., 2016. Food Waste, Power, and Corporate Social Responsibility in the Australian Food Supply Chain. Journal of Business Ethics. Elks, S., 2017. Coles doubles indigenous staff. [Online] Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/indigenous/coles-program-doubles-its-indigenous-workforce-in-a-year/news-story/ [Accessed 19 Jan 2017]. heraldsun.com.au., 2017. Who pays for big two's price war? [Online] Available at: https://www.heraldsun.com.au/business/terry-mccrann/who-pays-for-the-coles-and-woolworths-price-war/news [Accessed 19 Jan 2017]. James, S.W., 2016. Beyond localfood: how supermarkets and consumer choice affect the economic viability of small?scale family farms in Sydney, Australia. Area,. Keating, E., 2015. Supermarket Monsters. [Online] Available at: Supermarket Monsters: Seven insights into how Coles and Woolworths came to dominate Australian groceries [Accessed 19 Jan 2017]. mail.co.uk, 2016. Coles vows to continue slashing prices as it tries to win customers. [Online] Available at: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3877088/Coles-slashes-prices-supermarket-war-Woolworths-Aldi.html [Accessed 19 Jan 2017]. Mankiw, N.G., 2014. Essentials of economics. Cengage learning. Morgan, R., 2014. Market share narrows between Coles and Woolworths, while ALDI makes important gains. www.dailymail.co.uk, 2016. Woolworths and Coles slashing meat prices ahead of Australia Day. [Online] Available at: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4124982/Woolworths-Coles-slashing-cost-barbecue-meats.html [Accessed 19 Jan 2017]. www.news.com.au, 2016. [Online] Available at: https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/retail/are-woolworths-and-coles-about-to-give-us-innovation-we-actually-want/news-story/ [Accessed 18 Jan 2017]. www.woolworthsgroup.com.au, 2016. Our Brands - Woolworths Group. [Online] Available at: https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/page/about-us/our-brand/ [Accessed 18 Jan 2017].

Research paper plan Essays - Economy, Psychiatry, Mood Disorders

Research paper plan Introduction : The great depression of the 1930's in America had a massive effect on the country in a number of ways, including economically, religiously and socially. Throughout this essay I will explain how a large percentage of American citizens were effected and why. Throughout I will use a variety of sources to support my points. Critical Question: How did the great depression in the 1930's effect America in terms of economically, religiously and socially? Main Body- The great depression 1930's Economic damage and recovery- Sources- The great depression: Delayed recovery and economic change in America Recovery from great depression- Sources- Relief during the great depression in Australia and America Social reformation Economic rebuild Social and economic effects- source- Hard times in the land of plenty: The effect on income and disability later in life for people born during the great depression . Impact has serious downturn in later life on literature levels Macroeconomic conditions at birth effects on later life.

Macbeth Overview

'Macbeth' Overview Macbeth, one of Shakespeare’s most famous tragedies, tells the story of a Scottish nobleman and his own ambition to become king. The source material is Holinshed’s Chronicle, which compiled a history of England, Scotland and Ireland. First published in its Folio edition in 1623, it is the shortest of Shakespeare’s tragedies. Despite its brevity, it had a rich legacy. Fast Facts: Macbeth Title: MacbethAuthor: William ShakespearePublisher:  Edward Blount and William and Isaac JaggardYear Published: First Edition, Folio, 1623Genre: dramaType of Work: tragedyOriginal Language: EnglishThemes: Ambition, fate, free will, loyalty, appearance vs. realityCharacters: Macbeth, Lady Macbeth, The Three Witches, Duncan, Banquo, MacduffNotable Adaptations: Orson Welles’ Voodoo Macbeth (1936); Akira Kurosawa’s Throne of Blood (1957);  Roman Polanski’s The Tragedy of Macbeth (1971)Fun Fact: due to superstition, actors avoid addressing Macbeth by its name directly, and use the phrase â€Å"The Scottish Play† instead. Plot Summary Macbeth is a tragedy telling the story of the Scottish nobleman by the same name, consumed by his own ambition to become king and by the consequences of the acts he commits in order to achieve his goal. At the beginning of the play, after a victorious battle, Macbeth and fellow general Banquo meet three witches in a heath, and they deliver prophecies to both of them: Macbeth would become king of Scotland, and Banquo will father a line of kings while not becoming king himself. Encouraged by Lady Macbeth, his ruthless wife, Macbeth plans to kill King Duncan. After his murder, since his heir Malcolm and his brother Donalbain promptly flee to England and Ireland, respectively, Macbeth is crowned king. Consumed by guilt and paranoia, he becomes more and more of a tyrant as the play progresses. First he has Banquo killed, and his ghost visits him during a banquet. After consulting the witches again, who tell him to beware of Macduff and that he won’t be vanquished by anyone â€Å"of woman born,† he tries to have Macduff’s castle seized and everyone inside killed. However, since Macduff had gone to England to join forces with Malcolm, Macbeth only succeeds in having Macduff’s family killed. This prompts Macduff and Malcolm to raise an army aimed at dethroning Macbeth. Meanwhile, Lady Macbeth, who initially was more assertive than her husband, has become consumed by guilt to the point of insanity and eventually kills herself. The Scottish generals rally against Macbeth, and Macduff manages to vanquish him- he was not â€Å"of woman born† but â€Å"from his mothers womb untimely ripped.†Ã‚  The play ends with Malcolm being crowned king of Scotland. Major Characters Macbeth. Macbeth is initially presented as a Scottish nobleman and a valiant warrior. However, after listening to the prophecy delivered by the Three Witches in which he is told he would be king, he is overcome by blind ambition, and, strongly encouraged by his wife, he kills the king to usurp the throne.  His thirst for power is counterbalanced by paranoia, which leads to his downfall. Lady Macbeth. Macbeth’s wife, she thinks her husband’s nature is too full of kindness. She is the one who devises the plot for her husband to murder King Duncan, and is initially less fazed by the deed than her husband. However, she eventually unravels too, and commits suicide. The Three Witches. Whether they control fate or are merely its agents, the Three Witches set the tragedy in motion: they deliver Macbeth and his companion Banquo with a prophecy that the former shall be king, and the latter shall generate a line of kings. These prophecies have a great influence on Macbeth, who decides to usurp the throne of Scotland. Banquo. Banquo is another Scottish thane who was with Macbeth when the witches delivered their prophecy. He is told that he will father a line of kings while not becoming king himself. After the king’s murder, Macbeth feels threatened by Banquo and has him murdered by hired assassins. Yet, Banquo returns as a ghost at a banquet, visibly startling Macbeth, who is the only one who can see him.   Macduff. Macduff finds King Duncan’s body after he was murdered and immediately suspects Macbeth. Eventually, he murders Macbeth. King Duncan. The wise and firm king of Scotland at the beginning of the play, he is murdered by Macbeth so he can usurp the throne. He represents moral order in the play, which Macbeth destroys and Macduff restores. Main Themes Ambition. Macbeth’s ambition is devoid of any morality and is the cause of Macbeth’s downfall. After becoming king of Scotland, Macbeth’s ambition turns him into a tyrant, and he has his suspected enemies murdered. Ambition is a trait his wife Lady Macbeth shares, and she, too, succumbs to it.   Loyalty. At he beginning of the play, King Duncan rewards Macbeth with the title â€Å"Thane of Cawdor† because the original Thane of Cawdor was actually a traitor, but Macbeth betrays the king in order to usurp the throne. Macduff, who suspects Macbeth once he sees the king’s corpse, flees to England to join Duncan’s son Malcolm, and together they plan the downfall of Macbeth and restore the moral order.   Fate and free will. The witches do show Macbeth his future and his fate, but Macbeth’s actions are arbitrary and not pre-ordained.   Appearance and reality. â€Å"Fair is foul and foul is fair,† is one of the famous quotes in Macbeth, and appearance and reality intermingle in the play: the witches give out paradoxical prophecies and characters hide their true intentions. For example, Macbeth seems honorable but actually plans to murder King Duncan. Malcolm soon flees Scotland after his father’s murder, which seems suspicious at first, but it’s actually a way for him to protect himself. Literary Style The language used by Macbeth and Lady Macbeth evolves throughout the play.  At first, they’re both characterized by a fluent and energetic style, but, as their ambition gradually overtakes them, their speech becomes fragmented. For instance, while prose in Shakespeares plays is reserved to characters of low social orders, once Lady Macbeth is overcome by madness, she utters her lines in prose too. By contrast, the witches speak in enigmatic riddles interposed with grotesque elements.   About the Author William Shakespeare, who wrote ten tragedies and eighteen comedies, wrote King Lear (1605), Macbeth (1606), and The Tempest during King James’ reign. King James was patron of Shakespeare’s acting company, and Macbeth, by stating that King James descended from the Scottish thane Banquo, is a de facto tribute to Shakespeare’s sovereign.

Pragmatism - Journal Entries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Pragmatism - Journal Entries - Essay Example Write down all of your beliefs – theological, religious, moral, political, economic, social, sexual, personal lifestyle – and then separate them into those inherited and those chosen in response to your actual experience and the experience of others". Dutifully, I performed the self-examination exercise and had identified five beliefs which I would like to dissect and scrutinize. These beliefs fall under five of the categories mentioned by McDermott, namely: religious, moral, economic, sexual and personal lifestyle. I chose these beliefs because they have more impact on my personality and on my decision-making processes. On top of my list and the most influential on my personality and perspectives is my religious belief. I am a Muslim. I was born a Muslim. And I will die a Muslim. I inherited the faith from my parents for which I am very thankful for. Secondly, I live by my moral principle of truthfulness. Although honesty is taught and learned at home, I am convinced that this is adopted and practiced as a matter of choice. We’ve learned from experience that speaking the truth earns the good favor of our family and friends. In contract, speaking lies will get us into trouble. Thirdly, I subscribe to the economic system of capitalism. I am a capitalist in mind and heart. I have lived on the rewards of capitalism and have read about the darkness and monotony of communism. Based on my own experiences and the experience of the people in communist, fascist or socialist countries, I chose and will always choose to be a capitalist. Fourthly, my sexual orientation is â€Å"straight†. I believe that every adult person is a reflection of his infant-self, albeit, most of us could hardly find similar traits between the innocent and fresh newborn and the life-veteran adults that we are. Be that as it may, I believe that our sexual orientation is defined from the day that we are born. Hence, my attraction to the opposite sex is an inherited

Pepsi Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pepsi - Case Study Example The company has heavily relied on the use of social media in order to promote its products. The case even outlines how Pepsi plans to distribute the grants and how grant proposals can be submitted. There are various commonalities that can be identified by reviewing the slogans that Pepsi has used to advertise itself. One of the most common themes in these slogans was the youth of the society. In various slogans Pepsi has associated itself with people from the younger generation for example the slogan of 1961 states that those individuals who think that they are young should consume Pepsi. In order to target the youth and to develop its image as a product that has been developed for the youth the slogans mostly focus on the elements of adventure and youthfulness. Another theme that the company has used to advertise its cola is the theme of social ability. It has tried to again and again create the idea that people who aim to socialize more or are individuals who find it easy to socialize should drink Pepsi Cola. Pepsi has quite effectively used different elements of the marketing mix and has left no stone unturned to reach their consumers. They have used the element of advertising by aggressively using social media and they have even advertised on more than 30 cable television channels as well as sponsored reality shows. They have used the element of public relations in which they are trying to develop healthy relationships by positioning themselves as a socially responsible company (Du, 2000, p.3). For the purpose of public relation they have used the refresheverything.com website that allows webpage visitors to select different social causes that need donations and funding. Furthermore, they have use public celebrities such as Mark Sanchez to act as spokespersons of their new grant campaign. Overall the company has quite effectively used various marketing mix elements and created a well-designed

Cushings Disease: Symptoms, Treatment and Causes

Cushings Disease: Symptoms, Treatment and Causes Julie Seel   Introduction Cushings disease is relatively rare and is commonly in adults. Cushings is a hormonal disorder that the bodys tissues care exposed to increased levels of the hormone cortisol. (NIH) The cortisol hormone is released when there is stress and with exercise in some people. The main things that the cortisol does are: throttling or suppressing the immune system, metabolizing fats and carbohydrates, and increases blood sugar. (healthline) The Cushings disease is more commonly observed in women, and about 90% of those cases are due to pituitary microadenoma or corticotroph hyperlplasia. (virtual library) Signs and Symptoms Signs and symptoms vary, but most cases have upper body obesity, round face (moon face), increased fat around the neck and shoulder area (buffalo hump), osteoporosis, high blood pressure, increased blood sugars. Also women can have increased hair on face and chest, abdomen and thighs. Men may get a decrease in fertility and absence of sexual desire and possibly erectile dysfunction. (Nih)(Lab) the ICD-10 code for the Cushings disease is E24.9. In some rare cases people have had inherited the gene for Cushings disease, such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or Men-1. This can increase risk for tumors developing throughout the endocrine system and sometimes include the pituitary and adrenal glands. People who are obese and have diabetes are at a high risk for this disease (Lab). Diagnostic Testing There are a number of tests the doctor can give for the Cushings disease diagnosis. A 24-hour urine cortisol, dexamethasone suppression test (low dose), salivary cortisol levels are taken in early morning and late at night. These three tests will confirm too much cortisol in the body. Also, the tests can determine the cause of the disease are: blood ACTH level, brain MRI, corticotropin-releasing hormone test, dexamethasone suppression test (high dose), and inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS). Other tests that can be done but isnt necessary are: fast blood glucose and A1c for diabetes, lipid and cholesterol testing, bone mineral density can too check for osteoporosis. (Medline Plus) Treatment Options At the follow-up appointment the doctor will go over all the test results, and the next plan of action will be. The treatment would be surgery to remove the pituitary tumor and the pituitary gland may return to normal and start to work slowly again. During the recovery process, cortisol replacement therapy, so the pituitary needs to be able to have time to make ACTH again. Also, if the doctor could not remove the whole tumor completely radiation might be done to the pituitary gland. If surgery and radiation doesnt work on the tumor, medication may be needed to stop making the coritsol in the body. The last resort if none of these treatments work, the adrenal glands will be removed, and it will stop the increased levels of the cortisol. Also, if the adrenal glands are removed the tumor on the pituitary gland will get much, much bigger. (medline) Prognosis/ Summary If Cushings disease is left untreated, it can lead to severe complications. People can have excessive fatigue, obesity, nausea and vomiting, diabetes, hypertension and can lead to premature death. (Skull) Removal of the tumor can be a full recovery, but lifelong replacement medication to keep your hormones in balance. Two medications that have been approved by the FDA are: mifepristone and pasireotide, for the treatment of Cushings disease. (Medline Plus) Very rare the tumor can grow back, and the patients will need to go back to the doctor and see what can be done the treatment options are. REFERENCES Cuevas-Ramos, D. (n.d.). Update on medical treatment for Cushings Disease. [online] Available at: http://clindiabetesendo.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40842-016-0033-9. Ilias I, N. (2012). National institute of diabetes and digestive and kidney diseases. [online] Available at: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/cushings-syndrome [Accessed 5 Mar. 2017]. Krause, L. (2005). Pituitary-dependent Cushings disease. [online] Available at: http://www.healthline.com/health/cushings-disease [Accessed 28 Jan. 2016]. Labtestonline.org. (2016). Labtestonline.org. [online] Available at: http://www.labtestonline.org/conditions/cushing [Accessed 10 Mar. 2017]. Mayoclinic.org. (2016). Overview Cushing syndrome Mayo Clinic. [online] Available at: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cushing-syndrome/home/ovc-20197169 47k [Accessed 10 Mar. 2017]. Medlineplus.gov. (2016). Cushing Syndrome | Hypercortisolism | MedlinePlus. [online] Available at: https://medlineplus.gov/cushingssyndrome.html [Accessed 10 Mar. 2017]. Skullbaseinstitute.com. (n.d.). Cushings Disease: Surgery, Treatment Symptoms | Skull Base Institute. [online] Available at: http://www.skullbaseinstitute.com/pituitary-gland-tumor-surgery/cushings-disease-endoscopic-surgery.htm [Accessed 10 Mar. 2017].

Abortion :: essays research papers

As of right now, abortion is legal in all nine months of the pregnancy for any reason. This controversial issue is a question of how important the value of life is. The turning point came in 1973 when the Supreme Court's decision in Roe vs. Wade saying, that women have the right to murder an innocent child only up to 24 weeks . This false perception is fueled part by groups supporting abortion rights and it is then uncritically unaccepted by the media. The fact is that the current law allows a woman to get an abortion for any reason she deems necessary.It seems ironic that a people can get so emotional when it comes to animal rights, yet see no wrong in ripping a developed baby from the protection of the mother. It is not the child's fault that he or she was conceived. Some people argue that the developing is not technically a child yet because it cannot live on its own. Most of the procedures in murdering the growing child can be painful to the baby and be harmful to the mother. So how can we as a nation make sure criminals are executed painlessly and let children be murdered by extremely painful measures. At 18 days after conception, a baby's heart is already beating, and at 6 weeks, brain waves can be measured. At 8 weeks, the stomach, liver, and kidneys are functioning, and the fingerprints have formed. At 9 weeks, the baby can feel pain . Here are some methods of early abortion:Vacuum Curettage: powerful suction tube inserted through the cervix and into the womb. The unborn child is torn apart by the force of the suction; the fetal body parts and placenta are sucked into a jar. Possible complications include infection, cervical laceration and uterine perforation. Mifepristone: also known as RU-486, the chemical causes an abortion by interfering with the function of the placenta, starving the unborn child to death. Prostaglandins are then administered to expel the fetus. This method of abortion takes place over the span of several days; the average woman using it bleeds heavily for more than nine days, but some women have bled for over four weeks. Mifepristone is just beginning to be used in the US. Long-term health risks are not yet known. Methotrexate: though not approved by the FDA for this use, a methotrexate injection kills the unborn child by interfering with the growth process (cell division).

Critical Analysis of a Child’s Reading Essay

Reading is an essential skill in modern society. Not only does it enable people to access information, it provides people with a great deal of pleasure. It is vital that primary schools equip children with effective strategies for reading as well as foster a desire to read that will stay with them throughout their lives. This analysis of reading will firstly give a brief outline of the context of my school placement. It will analyse two pupils as readers and their strategies. The school’s policy indicates that the context of teaching reading is very important – suggesting a variety of text styles. English & Williamson (2005) inform us that the introduction of the National Literacy Strategy (DfES 2001) broadened the range of texts children are introduced to at primary level. The school is superbly resourced, with thousands of books available to all pupils. Silent reading is also practised daily. X Primary is a larger than average three-form entry primary school with 472 pupils. It’s in an area of average to high socio-economic status and the majority of pupils are from White British backgrounds with few pupils who speak English as an additional language. The number of pupils with learning difficulties is below average. (Ofsted 2010). Below is an analysis of a child’s reading. I will focus on analysing the child’s mistakes in reading, called miscues (Hall, 2003) to gain information of the child as a reader. See more: how to write a critical analysis outline Pupil A was chosen for assessment as he enjoys reading and is a strong reader. He has had several school moves due to family issues, and has received intervention and support throughout his time at Primary X due to his level of absence. He is eager to learn, and was keen to read for me. The assessment involved analysing his word recognition and comprehension skills. This provides an opportunity to understand how Pupil A as a fairly fluent reader may process a text. The text which was read by Pupil A was chosen as it was unknown to him. It was also chosen as a text that was suitable for his level of reading. Many of Pupil A’s miscues take place in the form of substitution. These miscues often relate to his syntactic knowledge. He reads ‘a’ instead of ‘one’ (line 3) and ‘but’ instead of ‘and’ (line 8). He also produces the miscue ‘even’ (line 9) as an insertion. These miscues suggest that he is making predictions about a text using his syntactic knowledge. This suggests that Pupil A brings his own knowledge to a text which causes him to make ‘predictions’ (Smith cited in Hall, 2003), resulting in a miscue. This suggests that Pupil A uses his syntactic knowledge to obtain meaning in what he reads (Hall, 2003). This miscue can also alter the meaning of the text which may affect his understanding. Pupil A makes the same miscue when he substitutes ‘for’ for ‘from’ (Page 2 line 1). He self corrects and asks for reassurance in his correction. Pupil A also corrects himself on the word ‘quickly’ (Pg 3 line 3). This self-correction reveals that he uses syntactic knowledge to process the text, but also that the text Pupil A sees is different from the text on the page (Goodman cited in Hall, 2003). Goodman suggests that there are two texts in question when reading takes place, being the actual text, and the perceived text. Pupil A demonstrated a comprehensive understanding of the text. He demonstrated an understanding for the organisation of the text and recalled events of the story. Pupil A demonstrated an ability to infer from the text and evaluate it. When questioned, he was able to express that he liked the text and expressed why. He demonstrated emotional or psychological response to the text and characters feelings. This suggests that Pupil A engaged with the text and was interested in the plot. In conclusion Pupil A demonstrates a clear ability to read fluently and uses different strategies for decoding words. His ability to decode unknown words could be extended by knowledge of consonant digraphs. Pupil A shows an ability to understand a text on a literal level, as well as engaging in a text by making inferences and evaluating a text. We could improve this motivation to read by encouraging Pupil A to read regularly for pleasure. Pupil B was chosen as although she receives literacy support, she does not enjoy reading. She has accessed literacy support since starting at Primary school in Year 3 and has made considerable progress and is able to read certain texts independently however she also shows little interest in reading for pleasure. She is willing to read with me, as she is used to reading with adults, in a 1-1 situation, and is comfortable with me as I have been in her class for several weeks. She is reluctant to pick a book she in unfamiliar with and cannot think of a favourite author/book when questioned. Pupil B begins well, with her decoding strategies revealing her processing of a text but also her phonic knowledge. She reads the word ‘spider lings’ (line 8) correctly, by segmenting the word in her head first. She then blends ‘ling’ quietly, to herself, and then asks for reassurance to put both words together. This is because this is an unusual, unknown word, and Pupil B is unfamiliar with the term. She stumbles over the word ‘different’ (line9). She did not segment the word out loud and so it is difficult to determine which strategy she used to decode the word. Nevertheless, it is possible that Pupil B may have used one of two strategies. For the first strategy, it’s possible that she segmented and blended the word in silently. This suggests that Pupil B is confident in segmenting and blending. For the second strategy, Pupil B may have used her graphophonic knowledge to decode the word. Therefore it is possible that she recognised the word from previous reading exercises. She demonstrates her grapheme-phoneme correspondence knowledge in her unsuccessful attempt to decode the word ‘notice’ (line 10). She fell silent which suggests she attempted to segment the word in her head. However, Pupil B finds this strategy unsuccessful and then chooses to segment the word out loud Pupil B often falls silent throughout the exercise, and waits for a prompt. I feel this is due to her lack of confidence rather than lack of knowledge. Pupil B demonstrates her grapheme and phonemic knowledge (Hall, 2003) by successfully sounding out the first syllable of the word ‘children’ (line11). She was unable to sound out the second syllable. This suggests that she struggled to sound out a particular grapheme. It’s possible that Pupil B was unfamiliar with the consonant digraph ‘il’. However, Pupil B demonstrates a fluency in reading which may suggest that she uses sight reading as a strategy (Ehri cited in Hall, 2003) to process a text. Erhi (cited in Hall, 2003) suggests that readers find new ways of identifying words. Finding new methods to identify a word can help a reader to become a more fluent in reading. My reading assessment can provide an insight to how a reader may process a text (Ellis & Lewis, 2006 but it’s only an insight. I cannot be certain that the suggested reading strategy is the method used. The child’s responses is dependent on the text. Another influence could be the text’s difficulty. Too difficult a text may cause them to make miscues and create an unfair representation of the reader (Campbell, 2011). A reader’s inability to engage in the text may be because the reader is not interested in the text. To remedy this, it would be useful to find out what books the reader prefers. Another strategy for developing reading is shared reading which provides opportunities for children to peer assess. Iversen & Reeder (1998) suggest that this allows children to actively participate when they feel comfortable. This is useful when children haven’t developed full confidence in their own reading ability, it provides a ‘safe’ structure encouraging contribution. This would be beneficial if both pupils could work together as Pupil A may help Pupil B become more engaged with the text. After analysing both Pupil A and Pupil B, I was surprised at how both pupils used similar techniques, however they were different when reading aloud. I felt there was a gap in understanding and intonation from both pupils, despite being close in age, and both receiving support. I believe another difference was the pupils was desire to read, with Pupil A keen to read books, demonstrating a clear opinion on authors or genre, however Pupil B was reluctant to name a book she’d read, and didn’t have a favourite author/style. I believe this lack of enthusiasm for reading will hinder her development, regardless of support put in. In conclusion, both pupils show an understanding and varying strategies to break down a text, however the major difference seems to be their attitude towards reading itself. References EDP 4120 Assessing Reading Riley, J & Reedy, D. (2000) Developing writing for different purposes: teaching about genre in the early years. Paul Chapman Publishing, London. Iversen, S. & Reeder, T. (1998) Organising for a Literacy Hour, London: Kingscourt Publishing. Hall, K 2003 Listening to Stephen Read: Multiple perspectives on Literacy Buckingham: Open University English, E. and Williamson, J. (2005) Meeting the Standards in Primary English. Routledge Falmer. DfES. (2006) The Primary Framework for literacy and mathematics, London: Department for Education and Skills. DfES. (2006) The Primary Framework for literacy and mathematics: Core position papers underpinning the renewal of guidance for teaching literacy and mathematics, London: Department for Education and Skills. DfEE. (1999) The National Curriculum: Handbook for primary teachers in England, London: Department for Education and Employment. Ofsted 2010 Campbell, R 2011 Miscue Analysis in the Classroom Leicester: UKLA

Globalization Effects on Jamaica and Thailand Essay

Globalization Effects on Jamaica and Thailand Introduction Globalization through dam building (for electricity) and tourism (for economic security), has imposed positive and negative effects on many countries and cultures. This paper focuses on tourisms impact on Jamaica and the consequences dams have had in Thailand. For both countries globalization has had both advantages and disadvantages. Tourisms Effect on Jamaica Globalization through tourism has had a significant effect on Jamaica. Originally, tourism was intended to profit the country by tourist spending. It was believed the economy would grow from an increase in job availability. Also, the conjecture of most Jamaicans was the hotels generated tourist spending†¦show more content†¦Although there were advantages for the Thailand people, for many Thai it has had more negative than positive effects. â€Å"Major Challenges in balancing the benefits of clean electricity, water storage and flood control from the dams against negative impacts. These include population displacement, obstruction to fish movements up and down the river, and changes in water and sediment flow†. (Richardson, Michael 2009). The disadvantages began to out way the advantages. Building of Pac Moon Dam and other Dams have affected Thailand in several other adverse methods. It severely decreased fish up to 60%. â€Å"Accord ing to the Foundation for Ecological Recovery, the rivers fishing industry alone is worth up to 3 billion annually, and the existing dams are already decreasing that profit.† (Blake, Haley 2009). Whole species became extinct. 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