Engineering - Anaerobic Digestion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Designing - Anaerobic Digestion - Essay Example Driving in the Go Green, battle is biogas. Biogas is characterized as a blend of carbon dioxide and methane gas, which is sourced from the breakdown of natural issue, generally squander, in a procedure alluded to as anaerobic processing. The procedure is a technique by which crude biogas is changed over into cleaner, productive and simpler utilized vitality sources. Arranging a biogas plant Designing a biogas plant is a building issue that must be drawn closer by considering all the operational, monetary, natural and supportability conditions. Before structuring the biogas plant in the Middle East, the specialist needs to first participate in quite a while, which are conceptualized thoughts, however not appropriate for any one given application. In arranging, a portion of the contemplations to investigate incorporate the normally happening assets, agrarian turn of events, social shows, client vitality necessities and conceivable building site. Cautious arranging is important to dispe nse with present and total or multiplier impacts on the plan. As a biogas digester (creation unit) is an exorbitant venture, it can't be basically set up as an impermanent station. Plan The structure of the biogas unit is reliant on the conditions a given society stances to the target. A biogas unit is influenced by various conditions, for example, the natural conditions, structure and financial lead of the individuals of that district. The decision of the structure is controlled by the states of the picked site. Structuring a biogas unit in the Middle East is a summed up thought, to concoct an ideal unit, the designer needs to dissect the conditions and difficulties a given site gives. Similarly as any framework, the biogas creation plat is influenced by the info and any extra aggravations, which are reflected in the yield (which for our situation is biogas). States of being Physical conditions are one of the most powerful factors with regards to planning and setting up a biogas di gester. Since the anaerobic procedure of biogas creation is very touchy to temperature, at that point care ought to be taken in thinking about the atmosphere of a given region. Different conditions separated from the atmosphere of an area that might be put to test incorporate the dirt conditions, the feedstock or substrate for assimilation, and the accessible structure material. The structure contemplations as far as the substrate and size of the digester are controlled by the purchasers just as the accessible structure material. Protection of the digester happens to be the principle thought in setting up the plant. The anaerobic procedure works at temperatures of somewhere in the range of 30 and 60 C. keeping the temperature between these cutoff points is of extraordinary need to guarantee that the microbes associated with the assimilation procedure lives, for high or low temperature prompts their passing. Abilities and work Another necessity in planning is aptitudes and work. The innovation engaged with setting up a biogas plant is refined and requires abilities from both the constructors and originators. The unpredictability of the structure typically directs the sort and level of aptitude engaged with the development procedure. Contingent upon the size, separation and expenses, the biogas digester might be pre-assembled or made in-situ. Normalization Although plants might be intended to fit the necessities of a given customer, there is a requirement for normalizing the structure.

Telemarketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Telemarketing - Essay Example Through the store picture the retailers can drive clients to purchase their items. Store picture is important to convince and make an uncommon picture in the shoppers' brains. Store picture causes the retailer to separate itself from contenders. Clients incorporate every one of their encounters of watching, utilizing, or devouring an item with all that they hear and read about it. Data about stores originates from an assortment of sources, including promoting, exposure, deals work force, and bundling. View of administration after the deal, cost, and dissemination are likewise considered. The aggregate of impressions is a store picture, a brought together picture about both the items and the store that business sectors them. Store picture draws in clients to both the store and the marked product (McDonald, Christopher 2003). Merchandize collection assists with pulling in more extensive objective crowd of potential customers. The purchaser direction incorporates such classifications as accommodation, inclination, shopping, and strength products. Be that as it may, various collections and amounts of items might be wanted and bought in different nations. Merchandize collection makes selling all the more fulfilling. It makes simpler for client to choose an item they require and lessen time required for ordinary buys.

Using Persuasive Essay Topics

Using Persuasive Essay TopicsWriting persuasive essays is not an easy task. There are certain elementary persuasive essay topics that should be met. Though there are many topics that can be used, such as the ability to solve a problem, find the solution to a problem, how to solve a problem, etc., but for the best results, there should be a use of persuasion in these topics. This will give you the best result and help you achieve your goal faster.When it comes to writing about difficult topics, the use of persuasive strategies like argumentation, character references, etc. will help you in explaining your point of view in a better way. The main concept behind these persuasive topics is that if the topic has a clear purpose, it will make the reader understand what you are trying to say better. To use these techniques effectively, the first thing that you need to do is to understand the aim of the essay.Once you have determined the main topic of the essay, it is time to go through the e ssay to analyze its structure. The essay should be structured in a logical way. The writer should be able to keep his point of view in the essay while writing it. The points of view should be well organized, even in short sentences, so that the reader gets a clear idea of what you are trying to convey. The opinion of the reader should be consistent throughout the entire essay.Because it is imperative that the essay topics are organized, they should be given proper names, which are easily identifiable. Different people will have different names, so when writing an essay, one name would mean something. An example would be 'The truth'. Some people might call it the truth because they know the truth, but others might not.In order to make the essay topics easier to understand, you can also use vocabulary words. Using vocabulary words will help you avoid the errors in the use of common English words that might cause difficulty for readers. You can also use simple sentences. For instance, instead of using long sentences, which you would normally write in an essay, try to use shorter sentences which can be used to discuss a point of view.Make sure that the essay is formatted correctly. Before writing, you can always check if the paper is properly formatted. Sometimes, an essay can seem to be rushed and messy, and therefore, it is important to make sure that the paper is properly formatted. You can have error in the margins and if your paper is clean, it can be submitted. By making sure that the paper is formatted correctly, you can avoid unnecessary errors.To make sure that the paper is formatted properly, you can print it and format it. One way to make sure that the paper is formatted properly is to use colored paper or colored pens, and make sure that the paper is put into an ink pad, or make sure that you do not go to make any mistakes because you cannot take back the work once you get it. Before submitting the paper, you should always make sure that you have proof read the paper. Proofreading the essay will help you know where you made mistakes and where you need to work on.The use of persuasive essay topics can lead to a very successful essay. By giving clear and concise information, you can let the reader understand what you are trying to say. So, next time you want to write an essay, always remember that the primary purpose of the essay is to inform the reader so that they can understand your point of view.

Element List - Atomic Number, Element Name and Symbol

Heres a list of the chemical elements ordered by increasing atomic number. The names and element symbols are provided. Each element has a one- or two-letter symbol, which is an abbreviated form of its present or former name. The element number is its atomic number, which is the number of protons in each of its atoms. H - HydrogenHe - HeliumLi - LithiumBe - BerylliumB - BoronC - CarbonN - NitrogenO - OxygenF - FluorineNe - NeonNa - SodiumMg - MagnesiumAl - Aluminum, AluminiumSi - SiliconP - PhosphorusS - SulfurCl - ChlorineAr - ArgonK - PotassiumCa - CalciumSc - ScandiumTi - TitaniumV - VanadiumCr - ChromiumMn - ManganeseFe - IronCo - CobaltNi - NickelCu - CopperZn - ZincGa - GalliumGe - GermaniumAs - ArsenicSe - SeleniumBr - BromineKr - KryptonRb - RubidiumSr - StrontiumY - YttriumZr - ZirconiumNb - NiobiumMo - MolybdenumTc - TechnetiumRu - RutheniumRh - RhodiumPd - PalladiumAg - SilverCd - CadmiumIn - IndiumSn - TinSb - AntimonyTe - TelluriumI - IodineXe - XenonCs - CesiumBa - BariumLa - LanthanumCe - CeriumPr - PraseodymiumNd - NeodymiumPm - PromethiumSm - SamariumEu - EuropiumGd - GadoliniumTb - TerbiumDy - DysprosiumHo - HolmiumEr - ErbiumTm - ThuliumYb - YtterbiumLu - LutetiumHf - HafniumTa - TantalumW - TungstenRe - RheniumOs - OsmiumIr - IridiumPt - PlatinumAu - GoldHg - MercuryTl - Thalli umPb - LeadBi - BismuthPo - PoloniumAt - AstatineRn - RadonFr - FranciumRa - RadiumAc - ActiniumTh - ThoriumPa - ProtactiniumU - UraniumNp - NeptuniumPu - PlutoniumAm - AmericiumCm - CuriumBk - BerkeliumCf - CaliforniumEs - EinsteiniumFm - FermiumMd - MendeleviumNo - NobeliumLr - LawrenciumRf - RutherfordiumDb - DubniumSg - SeaborgiumBh - BohriumHs - HassiumMt - MeitneriumDs - DarmstadtiumRg - RoentgeniumCn - CoperniciumNh - NihoniumFl - FleroviumMc - MoscoviumLv - LivermoriumTs - TennessineOg - Oganesson ThoughtCo / Hilary Allison Notes About Naming Most elements on the periodic table are metals and have the -ium suffix. Halogen names usually end with -ine. Noble gas names usually have the -on ending. Elements having names not following this naming convention tend to be ones known and discovered long ago. Future Element Names Right now, the periodic table is complete in that there are no remaining spots in the 7 periods. However, new elements may be synthesized or discovered. As with other elements, the atomic number will be determined by the number of protons within each atom. The element name and element symbol will need to be reviewed and approved by the IUPAC before inclusion on the periodic table. The element names and symbols may be proposed by the element discoverer, but often undergo revision before final approval. Before a name and symbol are approved, an element may be referred to by its atomic number (e.g., element 120) or by its systematic element name. The systematic element name is a temporary name that is based on the atomic number as a root and the -ium ending as a suffix. For example, element 120 has the temporary name unbinilium.

Big Brother Meet Big Data - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2170 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2018/12/17 Category Politics Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? In George Orwells 1984, the story depicted a nightmarish vision of a world run by a totalitarian state. While it is thought to be a denunciation of Stalinism, it is more broadly, a fictional example of the realities surrounding authoritative power. While there are differing systems of government with varying severities of control, all forms manipulate meaning. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Big Brother Meet Big Data" essay for you Create order From the shift from twentieth century propaganda to censorship in the current twenty-first century, the state has historically decided what is shown and omitted. Due to the acceleration of technology, it has dismantled barriers which has falsely created an illusion of global interconnectedness and security. With the most profound technological change in human history: mobile, social media, and cloud computing. They all share one communality of the accessibility to personal information. This is where big brother meets big databases (Lauk, pg. 51). We are in a digital dystopia where much like Orwells world reality is distorted, individual thought is tainted, and critical democratic decision making does not exist. Impinged information has ruled and corrupted the thoughts of citizens in authoritarian states. The term authoritarian regime simply includes any undemocratic rule. In contradistinction to democratic leadership, authoritarian kind of leadership do not invite political compet itions, fundamental rights among its citizens and separation of power in its institutions (Hall Dealy, pg.106). Thus authoritarianism can precisely be defined as the rule which involves excessive control of the rule of people. State control over people in this form of rule can be termed as excessive. There is limited openness in states operations. Total control or centralization is the ideal form of governance but it is done with some limited control or decentralization. In these forms of governments power lies in the hands of either a civil dictator or a military dictator. These dictators rise to power by either military coup or through inheriting thrones from their family heirs. The following are some of the features of authoritarian governments; they use principals like fundamentalism, racism or nationalism to provide basis of ruling people. Rulers make each and every decision. They thrive on pressure and force to impose political obedience. Their governments control all arms of government like the judiciary and the media and consider the controls a matter of public interest. Only few people have the control to power. The rulers mainly depend on manipulation and moral corruption to impose their mischievous ideas. Bureaucracy is always put in experiment more especially by the police. Rulers gain legitimacy through manipulations, declarations and further by use of peace ideologies which do not exist.Rulers of these countries control people opinions and the only existed opinion should be one that is aimed towards praising these regimes. Social life among people is largely under state control. It is important to note the difference between authoritative systems which allows limited people participation and totalitarian (despotic government) control which takes control of everything (Hassid at al, pg.9). In this kind of totalitarian control the state does not invite any political opinion. Despotic leaders often lead with an iron fist and leave no any opinion to anyone else. On the other hand in a democratic government the power lies in the hands of the people. People in democratic systems are governed by the rule of law and citizens are guaranteed different rights by the constitution. All arms of government work independently and exercise separation and balancing of power. State media can be defined by as media form which is controlled editorially and financially by the state or government. The idea should not be compared with the state sponsored media which might be getting funding from the government but the government does not control what it does editorially. In state media there is no pressure to generate funds because it is entirely funded by the government. Even though, these Medias serve to pass propaganda by the state to the people in most cases. Modern propaganda can be viewed by many as current lies by the government which are spread using the state Medias in the authoritarian states. Censorship is defined as suppression of p ublic communication, speech and information on basis of it is harmful, sensitive, objectionable or politically incorrect as resolved by the government authorities or other powerful consensus. Private institutions and individuals may engage into censorship. This form of censorship is referred as self-censorship. Fake news has gained popularity to become a house hold name in the modern day society (Ulianovskii, Andrei, et al, 40). Fake news can be defined as articles, videos or published information which is not credible but is disguised by entities who produced it as reliable or true. Fake news in democracies can come from public media which is controlled by state with an aim of spreading false information to citizens. Fake news in democratic countries is spread by bogus sources of information. This bogus information sources can spread fake news with many purposes but mainly they aim at character assassination of individuals. It is evidently clear that this generation is living in what can be referred to as an information age. This is because modes of operations have switched from being industrial to being computerized and large data controlled systems. This has seen people change the ways in which they operate and pass information among each other. The digital revolution which took place in mid-20th century spurred what can be referred to as the info age. Information age was characterized by offline communications mainly relying on the traditional media forms like the television and radio to pass information. Growth of technology and need for more accurate modes of passing information saw the information age grow to a more accurate age form known as the intellectual validation period.This is where people do not have to rely on syphoned information by the media houses, but they can share information among themselves and transmit the information far across in alightning speed. In this intellectual age it is easy to spread propaganda at the same time it is eas y for it to be noticed easily and be rendered irrelevant by people. With more than half of the world population being able to access to information within social media platforms, authoritarians regimes have been facing a difficulty during spreading of false propaganda to their citizens. Back during the 20th century authoritarian governments were effectively able to take and win the hearts of their follower (Holdstock Nick, pg. 18). They often held the media hostage thus, they succeeded to spread their agendas effectively with little opposition from the less informed followers. It is during the same period that the communist party in china and Russia thrived and gained control of many parts of Eastern Europe and even the rest of the world. All borders in these nations were effectively sealed and any person who stood out to disagree with these regimes was easily suppressed by the general public. Now with growth of the social media authoritarians have been trying to battle these cha nges by inducing technological changes in order to oppose any enlightenment towards their schemes, but they are easily being discovered. The two big brothers, for instance, China and Russia are example of authoritarian systems faced with the challenge of managing the spread of what they term as exploitative information among their people. They tried to embark on tactics like creating fire walls and instantly deleting any information spread via social media platform, but they failed miserably. The reasons why they failed is obvious. A well versed IT personnel can easily break into the firewall and spread any information to any destination rendering the firewall ineffective. As far as deletion of information is concerned, it is inevitable that the information will have spread far and will have impacted largely before it is identified and deleted by the authoritarian state authorities. This new development has made people in this big brother countries to exercise self-censorship and su ccessfully dismissing state censorship. Due to the difficulty China faced in social media regulation it settled to total ban of the popular social media sites like Facebook, whatSapp and YouTube. They settled to forming similar social media sites like Weibo, renren and youku (Hall Dealy, pg.42). This Chinese social media sites effectively comply with censorship standards by china. Users of these platforms can be able to send friend requests among each other. They can also share their feelings through icons and express any critics, further they can share images, videos and articles but in a well censored manner by the government. Chinese government carries out this censorship by regulating and controlling the number of people who can interact through these platforms at a single instance. Growth of social media in China, Russia and other authoritarian nations sparked people action. For the first time in a period of a century long, protests were held in parts of Russia and China. G roping social media users is an authoritarian censorship tactic that has succeed in China. Russia on the other has been using its state department of information to spread propaganda. Russia state department of information uses what can be called well-orchestrated propaganda from those in power. Russian government has been spreading its propaganda affairs using unanimous accounts. These accounts belong to government officials who always impost as users and feed people with wrong information. The term implicit biasness can be referred to as having attitudes and associating them with stereotypes rather than implying truth about them. Chinese, Russian and some Middle East leaders have been using implicit biasness to spread wrong gospel about the west more especially Britain, The US and Israel (Kellner Douglas, pg.59). Their tactics have worked and in very notable cases, western culture has been attacked viciously by countries which are against the rule of people. Cognitive dissonan ce is the mental unstableness normally experienced by people who have different beliefs, ideas and values. Cognitive dissonance is another powerful tactics used by the Chinese to fight investments from the west. They tell their people that businesses from the western countries have been brought to their countries in order to exploit them. Many American and British corporations have incurred losses in former communist countries due to cognitive dissonance. Echo chambers and filter bubbles are frequently used terms. Echo chambers is more of mocking term in regards to people failure while filter bubbles is used to describe peoples blind spots or lack or idea among people.Middle East and Far East countries have used these tactics to spread bad news about democracy. This has made it easy for them to use religious and cultural factors to fight liberalism and peoples power in their countries. Religion especially the Islam have successfully used these ideas to encourage terrorism among thei r people against the west. Absence of individual thought is a tactic used by dictatorships North Korea being the most successful implementer of the tactic. When using the tactics dictators inflict fear among people and create an impression that they are the only ones who can solve their problems. By doing so the dictators hold anybody who fights them hostage making it easy for them to rule the misinformed people. They also use the tactic to misinform people about other powers who can help them. North Korea in the last decade has fed its citizens with negative information about the US. The totalitarian government has even included a subject which demonizes the west in schoolssyllabus. Thus, because of that, young people in North Korea grow up with a negative mentality against the west and look forward on how they can use war to destroy the west. From the above information it is true that George Orwell statements about how totalitarian and authoritative systems thrive by manipulati ng people thoughts. They are able to take control of people, as well as, doing away with anyone who is against their ideas.State Censorship has been practiced in these countries for generations evolving with growth of technology and media. These countries self-fishily take advantage of technology created by the west to enforce their dictatorship rule to secure power among themselves. The two big brothers for instance, have used growing technology to spread their wings widely and seek attention within their people and even from the international community. They have really succeeded in framing Orwells 1984 question that, how can you speak truth to power, when power speaks truth by definition? Works cited Kellner, Douglas.? Media spectacle and the crisis of democracy: Terrorism, war, and election battles. Routledge, 2015. Holdstock, Nick.? Chinas forgotten people: Xinjiang, terror and the Chinese State. IB Tauris, 2015. Ulianovskii, Andrei, et al. Social Media Impact on the Transformation of Imaginary Political Characters in Russian Youth Culture.? Digital Transformation and Global Society. Springer International Publishing, 2016. 35-44. Hassid, Jonathan, and Wanning Sun. Stability Maintenance and Chinese Media: Beyond Political Communication Journal of Current Chinese Affairs? 44.2 (2015): 3-15. Hall, Dealy. POSC 3631 China and Russia in Comparative Perspective. (2015). Lauk, Epp. How will it all unfold? Media systems and journalism cultures in post-communist countries.? Finding the right place on the map: Central and eastern European media change in a global perspective? (2008): 193-212.

Human Rights, Obligations, And World Hunger - 1783 Words

Many moral theories have been proposed to understanding our obligations and responding to the perceived injustices present in the world such as world hunger and world poverty, two of the most prominent of these theories are utilitarianism, and human rights. In her essay ‘Rights, Obligations, and World Hunger’, Onora O’Neill critically examines these theories and highlights their inadequacy towards understanding our obligations towards alleviating world poverty, then goes on to propose a third alternative theory to the aforementioned theories, which she believes is better suited. The theory she proposes is that of the Kantian ethical theory developed by 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant. This theory is indeed the best suited to understanding our obligations to alleviating world poverty. Before expounding on the Kantian theory that O’Neill proposes, and why it is the optimal approach for understanding our obligations to those suffering from world pover ty, I will very briefly summarise the other two moral theories, and explain why O’Neill is correct in her assessment that they are inadequate to dealing with the problem at hand. Utilitarianism is the moral theory which proposes that the best and correct course of action to take is that which will maximize happiness and minimize suffering. In relation to world poverty, it would seem that the most appropriate action to take from a utilitarianism perspective would be something akin to what utilitarian Peter SingerShow MoreRelatedRight to Food Essay560 Words   |  3 PagesRIGHT TO FOOD Right to Food is a human right i.e. access to the adequate food is fundamental right of human. It protects the right of all human begins to live in self-respect, free from food uncertainty, starvation and malnutrition. 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Market Power of Super Market Industry

Question: Discuss about the Market Power of Super Market Industry. Answer: Introduction: Supermarkets are the large stores where wide varieties of products are sold under one roof. The wide variety of products includes fresh vegetables, fruits, meats, dairy products and other daily household goods. The present day super-markets are featured with self-service system where customers choose and pick their desired products from the shelves and take them to the billing counter to purchase it (James, 2016). Clarence-Saunders introduced the self-service system within the super-market named Piggly-Wiggly in the year 1916. The supermarkets occupy a large area of floor space and reduce the time required by a consumer in shopping. This report has been presented to talk about the supermarkets existing within Australia. In Australia, numerous supermarkets capture almost the entire consumers demand. Out of them, the top-notch supermarkets namely, Coles, Woolworths, Tesco and Aldi captures almost 80% of the total quantity of goods demanded in the market. High-level competition exists between the supermarket industries of Australia. Coles and Woolworths are the two supermarket giants dominating the entire industry in Australia (Morgan, 2014). In the recent years, Aldi, the supermarket from Germany has gained fame in the industry. It has been able to possess threats to the two giants named Woolworths and Coles. The report has been presented under two major parts A and B and few sub-parts under them as required. Part A talks about the power of these two giants within their domain. The extent to which these two markets has been able to influence the industry has been shown discussed under this part. Part B discusses about the fierce competition existing in between the Woolworths and Coles within the territory of Australia and the resultant effect of this competition among the consumers. The report ends with a concluding paragraph where the findings of part A and B has been briefly presented. Too much market power in the hands of Coles and Woolworths The power of any firm, company or industry to influence the market and capture a large share of profit from it is known as market power(Curtin, 2016). In this report, the market power of Coles and Woolworths has been analyzed in details. First a brief discussion on these two supermarkets has been provided followed by the ways in which they capture the lions share of the market. Background of Coles: Coles Supermarket is among the top-level supermarkets existing in Australia. Mr. George Cole is the founder of this organization. The chain of retail brand is more than 100 years old and is operating is about 776 supermarkets in Australia. According to 2016, statistics more than 100,000 employees work under this retail brand. The total asset of this company is A$ 22.1 billion during 2016 (Devin Richards, 2016) . Background of Woolworths: Woolworths is Australias one of the biggest supermarket operating in the economy since 1924. It has been providing employment to more than 111,000 people. This is second in terms of its size of operation after Coles. Woolworths along with Coles has successfully retained around 80% of the total market share. At present, there are around 980 stores of Woolworths operating in Australia (Chung, 2016). Nature of the Australian Supermarkets: This report has already stated the fact that Coles and Woolworths have been taking up the lions share of Australias total supermarket and retail industry. Hence, it is clearly understood that there are only few firms who operates under this particular industrial domain. Other than these two supermarkets, the name, which can be mentioned to dominate the market force, is that of Aldi, a German based company. Few other supermarkets within Australian domain are IGA, BI-LO and Star-Mart. Since, there is existence of few markets, it can be said that the super market industry in Australia are oligopolistic in nature. The top-notch giants have the power to influence the total price of all the goods sold by the retail chains. As Woolworths and Coles have the supreme power, they always compete between themselves to win over the other. While trying to capture the largest share of market, both these retailers get engaged in price-wars. They always uses the technique of price slash to attract con sumers. Their market demand curve and supply curve have been shown below with the help of the diagram. Coles and Woolworths being engaged in an oligopolistic competition have the power to influence the price of the market(Mankiw, 2014). In the figure above, the Pe is the ideal situation where a competitive firm keeps its price. The price charged by the oligopolistic is at Po. That is the oligopolistic market produces the quantity where MR and MC intersects but charges prices which is equal to the AR. The blue line Pe has showed the extent of power, which these firms can use while pricing their goods, to Po. This pricing nature itself indicates that people are unable to deviate since they have very little other choices available with them. Indication of being the Super-powers: There has been clear indication that Woolworths and Coles are the superpower as the former has 32.5% and the later have 37.5% of total market share of Australia (Chung, 2016). Other than market share there are several other factors that determine the market power. They are: the total number of employment generate by the organization, the varied range of products available to meet customers demand and the total number of consumers of the company. Being involved in price-wars these two retail brands dictate the prices in the market. This again indicates the fact that they possess the powers. The revenue generated by the food and liquor section of Coles during 2016 was around A $ 33 billion. On other hand, the overall revenue of Woolworths in 2016 was A $ 59 billion (www.woolworthsgroup.com.au, 2016). This shows a contrary to the first line of this stanza where it has been stated that Coles market share was greater. This once again proves that these two giants are in constant competitio n of surpassing one another in their business while leaving no space for any other industry to establish their foot-fall in this domain. Competition between Coles and Woolworth is good for Australia According to the basic economic theory it can be stated that perfect competition is the best possible market structure from consumers view point. At the same time the market for perfect competition is a utopian situation. In real world, any consumers mostly prefer the oligopolistic market. Under this market structure, the consumer is able to retain its maximum surplus thereby gaining welfare (Mankiw, 2014). The supermarket in Australia being oligopolistic in nature thus helps consumer in retaining their consumer surplus. The ways in which common people can be benefitted by the rivalry of Coles and Woolworths are shown in details under the following sub-headings. Pricing policy: The super giants being busy with their price wars have been continuously cutting the price of their products. They are mainly slashing the price of fresh vegetables and food items. According to an article in dailymail, it has been seen that Coles has taken up the vows of slashing their products price continuously unless they get back customers from its opponent (mail.co.uk, 2016). The Wesfarmers are also aware of the fact that this strategy is going to hamper their long-term goals and henceforth they are trying to work on it. News in dailymail published on 16th January 2017 declares that Woolworths is going to provide barbeque meat namely scotch fillets, rump steaks and beef burgers at a slashed down rate throughout January(mail.co.uk, 2016). The general people are indeed happy to receive goods at such a low cost. On other hand, this price cut has a negative impact on the suppliers. Big brands are unable to place their products in these retail markets whereas small br and and farmers are forced to give out their entire supplies to these retail giants at a very low cost even below their production cost (heraldsun.com.au., 2017). Employment generation: The rivalry of Woolworths and Coles also has some serious impact on the level of employment in Australia. Along with the expansion of these supermarket chains and opening up of new outlets there is need of employers as well (Elks, 2017). These two big giants has been providing employment to a large section of Australias population. According to one of the leading new channel, Coles has planned to increase its employee base by doubling up the number of indigenous workers in their business. According to the demand of the company, within 2018 the indigenous people employed in Coles are going to be 3% of the total work-force. According to another article published in a journal named The Monthly, it has been observed that Woolworths has come up with ties with its producers who will supply them with their products (www.news.com.au, 2016). In doing so, the company has provided security to those producers and farmers. It is a benefit that has come up with the existence and increasing power of super market giants. On contrary the same report also says that the producers are forced to produce pre-specified goods and are not allowed to produce local indigenous commodities that these giants do not sell. In this way these companies are controlling the taste and preference of consumers by providing them with what they want and not with what they could get otherwise. Health and Nutrition: The supermarket giants have a large hold on the market for fresh foods. Often the farmers and small scale retailers complain about the fact that they are forced to produce customized food products failing which they have to destroy their own products thereby causing a huge loss in their business. These two retailers try to provide the Australian customer a wide variety of foods throughout the year. In doing so, they have to keep their products in cold-storage which diminishes the quality, freshness and nutritional value of the products (www.dailymail.co.uk, 2016). These forceful productions of crops reduce the nutritional value. Many a times the farmers need to use special fertilizer and hybrid seeds to grow the demanded vegetables and fruits. This instance not only reduces the nutritional value but also diminishes the fertility of soil which then creates a chain-effect in declining production. The customers who were initially happy to get foods at low price now face the consequences of ill health and poor nutrition. Recent Issues: Consumers can be fooled for a short period of time. In the long run, the consumers rectify their expectations and reacts accordingly. Similar things happened for these two supermarket giants (Chung, 2016). Initially consumers felt very excited and happy to shop from these retailers. Now it has become a compulsion for them due to lack of other opportunities. The customers nowadays are dissatisfied with the quality of products served by Coles and Woolworths. They also doubt the authenticity of the product since it is sold at such cheaper rate. Consumers are also scared of the ill consequences that may happen to their health as a result of poor quality of foods (Keating, 2015). These giants have also compromised the ways in which these foods are packed and transferred. The oligopolistic nature which was suppose to make people better off are now creating problems for the consumers of Australia by making them worse-off. They are remaining unhappy and unsatisfied. They are a lso ready to pay a higher price for better quality products. This reaction of the consumers clearly indicates the drawbacks of these supermarket giants. Conclusion: The report can be wrapped up by stating the findings and analysis of the consumer demand of the entire nation of Australia. The existence of the strong oligopolistic market in Australias retail supermarket industry has been clearly observed at every point of the report. The joint impact of Coles and Woolworths in Australia has been felt in many domains. According to Wesfarmers, their method of price slash has been adversely impacting their short-term goals and this cannot make them sustain in the industry for long. Hence, they are trying to find out ways through which they can improve the scenario while keeping the price low for their customers. On other hand while trying to minimize the cost, these companies have been continuously degrading the service provided by them and creating pressure on the farmers. This has resulted in agitation amongst them. At the same time the big brands are also retrieving their products from these retail companies causing a matter of growing concern for them. Through this report it has been found that the supremacy in retail industry in in the hands of Coles and Woolworths. Other than small farmers and small scale retailers, overall the consumers have been benefitted from the constant competition that existed between these two companies. In order to maintain the sustainability in business the company must start prioritizing the needs and requirement of the farmers and small scale producers and also maintain the quality of the products supplied by them. 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